To comply with the quota (file size) limit of the WebCT, old readings are taken out to be archived, see Milan if you need a copy

WEEK 1: Indigenous Peoples of the Andes-Reading for August 28, 2002

Orlove, Benjamin. 1985. The History of the Andes: A Brief Overview. Mountain Research and Development. 5(1): 45-60. Adam Henne

Salomon, Frank. 1982. Andean Ethnology in the 1970s: A Retrospective. Latin American
Research Review. 17(2): 75-128. Rebecca Witter

Murra, John. 1984. Andean Societies. Annual Reviews of Anthropology. 13:119-41.
Juana Camacho

Murra, John.1970. Current Research and Prospects in Andean Ethnohistory. Latin American Research Review. 3-36. Will Van de Berg or Laura (if returned)

Steward, Julian. 1946-59. Indians of South America. Vol. 2. The Andean Civilizations.
Look over the entire volume to get an idea of the diversity of Andean groups.
Select one chapter on indigenous peoples of the Andes to present in class (Contemporary Quechua, Aymara, or Highland Tribes of Southern Colombia). Carlos Tapia

Additional References

Webster, Steven.1970. The Contemporary Quechua Indigenous Culture of Highland Peru: An Annotated Bibliography. Part I, II. Volume 5. Behavior Science Notes. Pp. 71-96 and 213-247 (on reserve).

O'Leary, Timothy. 1963. Ethnographic Bibliography of South America, New Haven: Human Relations Area Files (not on reserve)

October 9, Week 4: Andean Cosmology

BASTIEN, JOSEPH W. 1986. "The human mountain," in Mountain people. Edited by
Michael Tobias, pp. 45-57. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.

BERNBAUM, EDWIN. 1997. "The spiritual and cultural significance of mountains," in
Mountains of the world: A global priority, edited by B. Messerli and J.D. Ives, pp.
39-60. New York: Parthenon.

CLASSEN, CONSTANCE. 1993. "Cosmology: Equilibrium and exchange," in Inca
cosmology and the human body, pp. 11-25. Salt Lake City: University of Utah
Press.

RADCLIFFE, SARAH A. 1990. Marking the boundaries between the community, the
state and history in the Andes. Journal of Latin American Studies 22(3):575-594.

REINHARD, JOHAN. 1985. Sacred mountains: An ethno-archaeological study of high
Andean ruins. Mountain Research and Development 5(4):299-317.

Week 5: Agriculture: Past & Present

Historical/Archaelogical:

Denevan, WM. 2001. Terraced fields, pp. 170-184 in Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Erickson, CL. 1992. Prehistoric landscape management in the Andean highlands: Raised field agriculture and its environmental impact. Population and Environment 13(4): 285-300.

Biodiversity Issues:

Brush, SB. 1992. Ethnoecology, biodiversity, and modernization in Andean potato agriculture. Journal of Ethnobiology 12(2): 161-185.

Zimmerer, K. 1996. The great historical arch of Andean biodiversity, pp. 26-67 in Changing Fortunes: Biodiversity and peasant livelihood in the Peruvian Andes. Berkeley: U of CA Press.

Economic aspects:

Mayer, E. 2002. Production zones. pp. 239-277 in The Articulated Peasant:
Household Economies in the Andes. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

October 23, Week 7: Andean Cosmology and Agroecology

APFFEL-MARGLIN, FREDERIQUE AND JULIO VALLADOLID. 2001. "Andean
cosmovision and the nurturing of biodiversity," in Indigenous traditions and
ecology: The interbeing of cosmology and community. Edited by J.A. Grim, pp.
638-670.

RIST, STEPHAN, JUAN SAN MARTIN AND NELSON TAPIA. 1999. "Andean
cosmovision and self-sustained development," in Food for thought: Ancient
visions and new experiments of rural people. Edited by Bertus Haverkort and
Wim Hiemstra, pp. 177-196. New York: Zed Books.

GUDEMAN, STEPHEN, AND ALBERTO RIVERA. 1989. Colombian conversations:
The strength of the earth. Current Anthropology 30(3):267-281.

Harrison, R. 1989. Potato as cultural metaphor: acceptance of and
resistance to difference. pp. 172-195 in Signs, Songs and Memory in the
Andes: Translating Quechua Language and Culture. Austin: U of T Press.

optional reading:
APFFEL-MARGLIN, FREDERIQUE WITH PRATEC. 1998. The spirit of regeneration:
Andean culture confronting Western notions of development. New York: Zed Books.

WEEK 8: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE ANDES & DEVELOPMENT
(Oct 16/02) Readings selected by Carlos Tapia

"Development thinking within the social sciences
is large a product of the West. It is as such an
outsider's view of our development, specially by
outsiders from countries who colonized us"

(Goonatilake, 1976. Quoted by Björn Hettne, 1982
in "Development theory and the Third World")

Before development
Productive and social changes since the XVI century (crops, technologies, production systems, social organization)

Daniel W. Gade
Landscape, System, and Identity in the Post-Conquest Andes
Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 82, No. 3, The Americas before and after 1492: Current Geographical Research. (Sep., 1992), pp. 460-477.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=00045608%28199209%2982%3A3%3C460%3ALSAIIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0

Abstract: This article synthesizes the broad impact of Spanish introductions in the New World for the Central Andes (Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia). Beginning in 1531, the Spaniards brought, from Iberia and Middle America, material elements of their culture which in time were acquired by native people trough both imposition and free choice.(…) Much of the central Andes since then has changed relatively little.

Karl A. Yambert
Thought and Reality: Dialectics of the Andean Community
In Land and Power in Latin America: Agrarian Economies and Social Processes in the Andes. Orlove Benjamin S. and Glynn Custred. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. (1980), Chapter 3, pp.55-78

Abstract: Rural society and agrarian economies in Andean South America have long been characterized by haciendas and communities. Through several centuries considerable transformations can be seen to have taken place in the internal organization of Andean communities and in their perception by outsiders. (…)There is a dialectical relationship between agricultural structures and the ideas about them. This article is an overview of the history of Andean communities ( the precolonial period, the Spanish conquest, the colonial period, the early republic, the epoch of indigenismo and the present (…).

Modernization vs. Tradition / indigenous or peasants? / integration and control / rural development, land reform and the role of the state (economic development & institutional change)

Rosemary Galli
Rural Development As Social Control: International Agencies and Class Struggle in the Colombian Countryside
Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 4, Peasants, Capitalism, and the Class Struggle in Rural Latin America. (Autumn, 1978), pp. 71-89.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0094-582X%28197823%295%3A4%3C71%3ARDASCI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Taming Capitalism: The Evolution of the Indigenous Peasant Economy in Northern Ecuador (in Research Reports and Notes)
Tanya Korovkin
Latin American Research Review, Vol. 32, No. 3. (1997), pp. 89-110.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0023-8791%281997%2932%3A3%3C89%3ATCTEOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

Anthony Bebbington
Modernization from below: An Alternative Indigenous Development?
Economic Geography, Vol. 69, No. 3, Environment and Development, Part 1. (Jul., 1993),
pp. 274-292.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-0095%28199307%2969%3A3%3C274%3AMFBAAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O

(optional readings)

Norman B. Schwartz
Community Development and Cultural Change in Latin America
Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 7. (1978), pp. 235-261.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0084-6570%281978%292%3A7%3C235%3ACDACCI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

Marcelo Cruz
Competing Strategies for Modernization in the Ecuadorean Andes
Current Anthropology, Vol. 40, No. 3. (Jun., 1999), pp. 377-383.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0011-3204%28199906%2940%3A3%3C377%3ACSFMIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7

Tanya Korovkin
Indigenous Peasant Struggles and the Capitalist Modernization of Agriculture: Chimborazo, 1964-1991. Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Ecuador, Part 1: Politics and Rural Issues.
(May, 1997), pp. 25-49.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0094-582X%28199705%2924%3A3%3C25%3AIPSATC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Modernization, development, underdevelopment, uneven-development, dependency, revolution and dictatorship (optional readings) Copy available with Milan

Andre Gunder Frank
Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution
Monthly Review Press (1969).
Chapter 1 pp. 3-17 and Chapter 16 pp. 248-268

Björn Hettne
Development Theory and the Third World
Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries-SAREC Report. (1982)
Introduction and Chapters 1-2. pp. 7-53

Arturo Escobar
Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of The Third World
Princeton University Press.(1994)
Chapters 1 and 2. pp 3-54

Arturo Escobar
El final del salvaje: Naturaleza, cultura y política en la antropología contemporánea
CEREC/ICAN (1999)
Capítulo 3.Planificación, pp. 55-74

John Charles Chasteen
Born in Blood and fire: a Concise History of Latin America
W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.(2001)
Chapters 9 and 10. pp. 245-305

Week 9

Indian cosmovision and nurturning of biodiversity (Valladolid and Apffel-Marglin)

Columbian conversations: The Strength of the Earth (Gudeman)

Potato as Cultural Metaphor (Harrison)

Andean cosmovision and self-sustained development (Rist)

WEEK 10 (Juana)

Week 11

"Death Threat." The Peru Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Ed. Orin Starn, Carlos Ivan Degregori, and Robin Kirk. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. 348-349.

Galindo, Alberto Flores. "The Rebellion of Tupac Amaru." The Peru Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Ed. Orin Starn, Carlos Ivan Degregori, and Robin Kirk. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. 147-156.

Guzman, Abimael. "We are the Initiators." The Peru Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Ed. Orin Starn, Carlos Ivan Degregori, and Robin Kirk. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. 310-315.

Kirk, Robin. "Recorded in Stone." The Monkey's Paw: New Chronicles from Peru. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997. 62-110.

Starn, Orin. "Maoism in the Andes: The Communist Party of Peru-Shining Path and the Refusal of History." Journal of Latin American Studies. Vol. 27, Issue 2. May, 1995. 399-421.*

*This article can be found on jstor.

Week 12

Crandon-Malamud, Libbet, 1991. From the Fat of Our Souls. Oxford: University of
California Press. (139-158).

Langer, Erick D, 1990. Andean Rituals of Revolt: The Chayanta Rebillion of 1927. Ethnohistory 37:3.

Marcelo Cruz. Competing Strategies for Modernization in the Ecuadorean Andes
Current Anthropology, Vol. 40, No. 3. (Jun., 1999), pp. 377-383. Stable URL: click here

Tanya Korovkin

Indigenous Peasant Struggles and the Capitalist Modernization of Agriculture: Chimborazo, 1964-1991. Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Ecuador, Part 1: Politics and Rural Issues. (May, 1997), pp. 25-49. Stable URL: click here